36KrKrypton

Krypton (from Ancient Greek: κρυπτός, romanized: kryptos 'the hidden one') is a chemical element with the symbol Kr and atomic number 36. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas that occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps. Krypton is chemically inert.

Krypton, like the other noble gases, is used in lighting and photography. Krypton light has many spectral lines, and krypton plasma is useful in bright, high-powered gas lasers (krypton ion and excimer lasers), each of which resonates and amplifies a single spectral line. Krypton fluoride also makes a useful laser medium. From 1960 to 1983, the official definition of meter was based on the wavelength of one spectral line of krypton-86, because of the high power and relative ease of operation of krypton discharge tubes.

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Atomic properties

Standard atomic weight83.798 ±0.002
Atomic mass83.7982 u

Atomic radii

Radius (calculated)88 pm
Covalent radius116 ±4 pm
Van der Waals radius202 pm

Atomic shell

Electron configurationAr 3d10 4s2 4p6
Ionization energy(1st) 13.999605 eV
(2nd) 24.35984 eV
(3rd) 35.838 eV
(4th) 50.85 eV
(5th) 64.69 eV
Shell model
Electrons
k-shell:2
l-shell:8
m-shell:18
n-shell:8

Physical properties

Phasegaseous
Density0.003749 g·cm−3 (273.1 K)
Molar volumesolid: 2.799·10-5 m3·mol−1
Speed of sound1,120 m·s−1

Temperatures

Melting point115.7 K
Boiling point119.9 K
Liquid range4.15 K
Triple point115.7 K @ 73.53 kPa
Critical point209.4 K @ 5.525 MPa

Enthalpies

Melting enthalpy1.64 kJ·mol-1
Enthalpy of vaporization9.02 kJ·mol-1
Binding energy0 kJ·mol-1

Heat and conductivity

Thermal conductivity0.00949 W·m-1·K-1

Magnetism

Magnetismdiamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility-2.881·10-5 cm3·mol−1 (298 K)

Optical properties

Refractive index1

Chemical properties

Basicity-
Oxidation state-

Electronegativity

Pauling scale3
Sanderson scale2.91
Allred-Rochow scale2.94
Mulliken scale3
Allen scale2.966
Ghosh-Gupta scale6.391 eV
Nagle scale2.82

Other properties

Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structureFace-centered cubic
Goldschmidt Classificationatmophile
Superconductorwithout transition tempperature
Price/kg290 USD

Natural abundances

satellite_alt
Universe
40 ppb ≈ 4.02·1011 M☉
sunny
destruction
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Earth’s crust
0.15 ppb ≈ 4.15 Mt
water_drop
Oceans
0.21 ppb ≈ 287 kt
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