1H2He3Li4Be5B6C7N8O9F10Ne11Na12Mg13Al14Si15P16S17Cl18Ar19K20Ca21Sc22Ti23V24Cr25Mn26Fe27Co28Ni29Cu30Zn31Ga32Ge33As34Se35Br36Kr37Rb38Sr39Y40Zr41Nb42Mo43Tc44Ru45Rh46Pd47Ag48Cd49In50Sn51Sb52Te53I54Xe55Cs56BaLa*Lanthanides57La58Ce59Pr60Nd61Pm62Sm63Eu64Gd65Tb66Dy67Ho68Er69Tm70Yb71Lu72Hf73Ta74W75Re76Os77Ir78Pt79Au80Hg81Tl82Pb83Bi84Po85At86Rn87Fr88RaAc*Actinides89Ac90Th91Pa92U93Np94Pu95Am96Cm97Bk98Cf99Es100Fm101Md102No103Lr104Rf105Db106Sg107Bh108Hs109Mt110Ds111Rg112Cn113Nh114Fl115Mc116Lv117Ts118Og
HomeScalesPauling scale

Pauling scale

Linus Pauling’s model as a measure of the ionic portion of the bond between two atoms is based on their electronegativity differences. Knowledge of experimentally determined bond dissociation energies is a prerequisite.

ElementPauling scale
1HHydrogen2.2
3LiLithium0.98
4BeBeryllium1.57
5BBoron2.04
6CCarbon2.55
7NNitrogen3.04
8OOxygen3.44
9FFluorine3.98
11NaSodium0.93
12MgMagnesium1.31
13AlAluminum1.61
14SiSilicon1.9
15PPhosphorus2.19
16SSulfur2.58
17ClChlorine3.16
19KPotassium0.82
20CaCalcium1
21ScScandium1.36
22TiTitanium1.54
23VVanadium1.63
24CrChromium1.66
25MnManganese1.55
26FeIron1.83
27CoCobalt1.88
28NiNickel1.91
29CuCopper1.9
30ZnZinc1.65
31GaGallium1.81
32GeGermanium2.01
33AsArsenic2.18
34SeSelenium2.55
35BrBromine2.96
36KrKrypton3
37RbRubidium0.82
38SrStrontium0.95
39YYttrium1.22
40ZrZirconium1.33
41NbNiobium1.6
42MoMolybdenum2.16
43TcTechnetium1.9
44RuRuthenium2.2
45RhRhodium2.28
46PdPalladium2.2
47AgSilver1.93
48CdCadmium1.69
49InIndium1.78
50SnTin1.96
51SbAntimony2.05
52TeTellurium2.1
53IIodine2.66
54XeXenon2.6
55CsCaesium0.79
56BaBarium0.89
57LaLanthanum1.1
58CeCerium1.12
59PrPraseodymium1.13
60NdNeodymium1.14
62SmSamarium1.17
64GdGadolinium1.2
66DyDysprosium1.22
67HoHolmium1.23
68ErErbium1.24
69TmThulium1.25
71LuLutetium1.27
72HfHafnium1.3
73TaTantalum1.5
74WTungsten2.36
75ReRhenium1.9
76OsOsmium2.2
77IrIridium2.2
78PtPlatinum2.28
79AuGold2.54
80HgMercury2
81TlThallium1.62
82PbLead2.33
83BiBismuth2.02
84PoPolonium2
85AtAstatine2.2
87FrFrancium0.7
88RaRadium0.9
89AcActinium1.1
90ThThorium1.3
91PaProtactinium1.5
92UUranium1.38
93NpNeptunium1.36
94PuPlutonium1.28
95AmAmericium1.3
96CmCurium1.3
97BkBerkelium1.3
98CfCalifornium1.3
99EsEinsteinium1.3
100FmFermium1.3
101MdMendelevium1.3
102NoNobelium1.3
103LrLawrencium1.3