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Kupfer (lateinisch Cuprum) ist ein chemisches Element mit dem Elementsymbol Cu und der Ordnungszahl 29. Es ist ein Übergangsmetall, im Periodensystem steht es in der 4. Periode und der 1. Nebengruppe (nach neuer Zählung Gruppe 11) oder Kupfergruppe. Der lateinische Name cuprum ist abgeleitet von (aes) cyprium „Erz von der griechischen Insel Zypern“, auf der im Altertum Kupfer gewonnen wurde.
Kupfer ist als relativ weiches Metall gut formbar und zäh. Als hervorragender Wärme- und Stromleiter findet es vielseitige Verwendung. Darüber hinaus zählt es auch zur Gruppe der Münzmetalle.
Als wichtiges Technologie- bzw. Funktionsmetall gehört Kupfer zu den Halbedelmetallen.