%3B%20clear%20(diamond)%22%2C%22de%22%3A%22schwarz%20(Graphit)%3B%20farblos%20(Diamant)%22%7D%2C%22atomic_mass%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A12.01112%2C%22unit%22%3A%22u%22%7D%2C%22basicity%22%3A%22slightly-acidic%22%2C%22block%22%3A%22p%22%2C%22classification%22%3A%7B%22cas%22%3A%5B%7B%22value%22%3A%227440-44-0%22%2C%22label%22%3A%22C%22%7D%2C%7B%22value%22%3A%227782-42-5%22%2C%22label%22%3A%22G%22%7D%2C%7B%22value%22%3A%227782-40-3%22%2C%22label%22%3A%22D%22%7D%5D%2C%22eg%22%3A%5B%7B%22value%22%3A%22231-153-3%22%7D%5D%2C%22echa%22%3A%5B%7B%22value%22%3A%22100.028.321%22%7D%5D%7D%2C%22column%22%3A28%2C%22crystal_structure%22%3A%22hex%22%2C%22density%22%3A%5B%7B%22label%22%3A%22amorphous%22%2C%22value%22%3A1.95%2C%22range%22%3A%5B1.8%2C2.1%5D%2C%22unit%22%3A%22g%C2%B7cm%5B%E2%88%923%5D%22%7D%2C%7B%22label%22%3A%22graphite%22%2C%22value%22%3A2.26%2C%22unit%22%3A%22g%C2%B7cm%5B%E2%88%923%5D%22%7D%2C%7B%22label%22%3A%22diamond%22%2C%22value%22%3A3.51%2C%22unit%22%3A%22g%C2%B7cm%5B%E2%88%921%5D%22%7D%5D%2C%22elastic%22%3A%7B%22bulk%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A33%2C%22unit%22%3A%22GPa%22%7D%7D%2C%22electrical%22%3A%7B%22resistivity%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A0.00001%2C%22unit%22%3A%22%CE%A9m%22%7D%7D%2C%22electron_config%22%3A%22He%202s%5B2%5D%202p%5B2%5D%22%2C%22enthalpy%22%3A%7B%22fusion%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A117%2C%22unit%22%3A%22kJ%C2%B7mol%5B-1%5D%22%7D%2C%22vaporisation%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A715%2C%22unit%22%3A%22kJ%C2%B7mol%5B-1%5D%22%7D%2C%22atomisation%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A717%2C%22unit%22%3A%22kJ%C2%B7mol%5B-1%5D%22%7D%7D%2C%22era%22%3A%22antiquity%22%2C%22goldschmidt%22%3A%22atmophile%22%2C%22group%22%3A14%2C%22hardness%22%3A%7B%22mohs%22%3A0.51%7D%2C%22hazard%22%3Anull%2C%22heat%22%3A%7B%22heat_capacity%22%3A%5B%7B%22label%22%3A%22graphite%22%2C%22value%22%3A427%2C%22unit%22%3A%22J%C2%B7kg%5B%E2%88%921%5D%C2%B7K%5B%E2%88%921%5D%22%7D%2C%7B%22label%22%3A%22diamond%22%2C%22value%22%3A709%2C%22unit%22%3A%22J%C2%B7kg%5B%E2%88%921%5D%C2%B7K%5B%E2%88%921%5D%22%7D%5D%2C%22thermal_conductivity%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A140%2C%22unit%22%3A%22W%C2%B7m%5B-1%5D%C2%B7K%5B-1%5D%22%7D%2C%22thermal_expansion%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A0.0000071%2C%22unit%22%3A%22K%5B-1%5D%22%7D%2C%22work_function%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A4.81%2C%22unit%22%3A%22eV%22%7D%7D%2C%22image%22%3A%7B%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2F0%2F0f%2FGlassy_carbon_and_a_1cm3_graphite_cube_HP68-79.jpg%22%2C%22caption%22%3A%22%3Ca%20href%3D%5C%22https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AGlassy_carbon_and_a_1cm3_graphite_cube_HP68-79.jpg%5C%22%3EAlchemist-hp%20(talk)%20(www.pse-mendelejew.de)%3C%2Fa%3E%2C%20FAL%2C%20via%20Wikimedia%20Commons%22%7D%2C%22ionization%22%3A%7B%22values%22%3A%5B11.260288%2C24.383154%2C47.88778%2C64.49352%2C392.090515%5D%2C%22unit%22%3A%22eV%22%7D%2C%22magnetic_ordering%22%3A%22diamagnetic%22%2C%22magnetic_susceptibility%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A-0.0000059%2C%22unit%22%3A%22cm%5B3%5D%C2%B7mol%5B%E2%88%921%5D%22%7D%2C%22molar_volume%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A0.00000531%2C%22unit%22%3A%22m%5B3%5D%C2%B7mol%5B%E2%88%921%5D%22%7D%2C%22names%22%3A%7B%22en%22%3A%22Carbon%22%2C%22de%22%3A%22Kohlenstoff%22%2C%22la%22%3A%22Carbo%22%7D%2C%22natural_occurrence%22%3A%22primordial%22%2C%22negativity%22%3A%7B%22pauling%22%3A2.55%2C%22sanderson%22%3A2.75%2C%22allred%22%3A2.5%2C%22mulliken%22%3A2.48%2C%22allen%22%3A2.544%2C%22ghosh_gupta%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A6.2338%2C%22unit%22%3A%22eV%22%7D%2C%22boyd%22%3A2.6%2C%22nagle%22%3A2.55%2C%22pearson%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A6.27%2C%22unit%22%3A%22eV%22%7D%7D%2C%22number%22%3A6%2C%22optical%22%3A%7B%22reflectivity%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A27%2C%22unit%22%3A%22%25%22%7D%2C%22refractive_index%22%3A%7B%22label%22%3A%22diamond%22%2C%22value%22%3A2.417%7D%7D%2C%22oxidation_state%22%3A%22-4%20%E2%80%A6%204%22%2C%22oxide_character%22%3A%22acidic%22%2C%22period%22%3A2%2C%22phase%22%3A%22solid%22%2C%22price%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A0.122%2C%22unit%22%3A%22USD%22%7D%2C%22properties%22%3A%5B%22natural%22%2C%22native%22%2C%22vital%22%2C%22stable%22%2C%22semiconductor%22%2C%22antiquity%22%5D%2C%22radius%22%3A%7B%22empirical%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A70%2C%22unit%22%3A%22pm%22%7D%2C%22calculated%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A67%2C%22unit%22%3A%22pm%22%7D%2C%22covalent%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A76%2C%22unit%22%3A%22pm%22%7D%2C%22vdw%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A170%2C%22unit%22%3A%22pm%22%7D%7D%2C%22set%22%3A%22nonmetal%22%2C%22shell%22%3A%5B2%2C4%5D%2C%22sound_speed%22%3A%7B%22label%22%3A%22diamond%22%2C%22value%22%3A18350%2C%22unit%22%3A%22m%C2%B7s%5B%E2%88%921%5D%22%2C%22condition%22%3A%5B%7B%22value%22%3A293.15%2C%22unit%22%3A%22K%22%7D%5D%7D%2C%22standard_atomic_weight%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A12.011%2C%22deviation%22%3A0.002%2C%22range%22%3A%5B12.0096%2C12.0116%5D%7D%2C%22superconductivity%22%3A%22special%22%2C%22symbol%22%3A%22C%22%2C%22temperature%22%3A%7B%22sublimation%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A3915%2C%22unit%22%3A%22K%22%7D%2C%22triple%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A4600%2C%22unit%22%3A%22K%22%2C%22%40%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A10.8%2C%22unit%22%3A%22MPa%22%7D%7D%2C%22transition%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A15%2C%22unit%22%3A%22K%22%7D%7D%2C%22wiki%22%3A%7B%22en%22%3A%22Carbon%22%2C%22de%22%3A%22Kohlenstoff%22%7D%7D){kind=link}
Kohlenstoff (von urgerm. kul-a-, kul-ō(n)- ,Kohle‘) oder Carbon (von lat. carbō ,Holzkohle‘, latinisiert Carboneum oder Carbonium) ist ein chemisches Element mit dem Elementsymbol C und der Ordnungszahl 6. Im Periodensystem steht es in der vierten Hauptgruppe bzw. der 14. IUPAC-Gruppe oder Kohlenstoffgruppe sowie der zweiten Periode.
Es kommt in der Natur sowohl in gediegener (reiner) Form (Diamant, Graphit, Chaoit) als auch chemisch gebunden (z. B. in Form von Carbiden, Carbonaten, Kohlenstoffdioxid, Erdöl, Erdgas und Kohle) vor. Aufgrund seiner besonderen Elektronenkonfiguration (halbgefüllte L-Schale) besitzt es die Fähigkeit zur Bildung komplexer Moleküle und weist von allen chemischen Elementen die größte Vielfalt an chemischen Verbindungen auf. Diese Eigenschaft macht Kohlenstoff und seine Verbindungen zur Grundlage des Lebens auf der Erde.