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Cadmium (auch Kadmium; von altgriechisch καδμία kadmía, lateinisch cadmia und cadmea „Galmei“) ist ein chemisches Element mit dem Elementsymbol Cd und der Ordnungszahl 48. Es wird meist zu den Übergangsmetallen gezählt, obwohl es eine abgeschlossene d-Schale besitzt und damit eher den Hauptgruppenelementen, vor allem den Erdalkalimetallen ähnelt. Im Periodensystem steht es in der 5. Periode sowie der 2. Nebengruppe (Gruppe 12) oder Zinkgruppe.
Cadmium ist ein silbergraues, weiches, duktiles und sehr giftiges Metall, welches als eher selten auf der Erde gilt, besonders in reiner Form. Es kommt meistens in Mineralien vor, darunter Monteponit, Greenockit oder aber auch Cadmoselit. Cadmium wird hauptsächlich in China abgebaut. Es findet Verwendung in Lampen, Lasern, Batterien sowie als Pigment. Aufgrund seiner enormen Toxizität wird es allerdings in bestimmten Anwendungen von weniger giftigen Alternativen verdrängt, für einige Applikationen wurde es sogar in bestimmten Ländern verboten.