1H2He3Li4Be5B6C7N8O9F10Ne11Na12Mg13Al14Si15P16S17Cl18Ar19K20Ca21Sc22Ti23V24Cr25Mn26Fe27Co28Ni29Cu30Zn31Ga32Ge33As34Se35Br36Kr37Rb38Sr39Y40Zr41Nb42Mo43Tc44Ru45Rh46Pd47Ag48Cd49In50Sn51Sb52Te53I54Xe55Cs56BaLa*Lanthanoide57La58Ce59Pr60Nd61Pm62Sm63Eu64Gd65Tb66Dy67Ho68Er69Tm70Yb71Lu72Hf73Ta74W75Re76Os77Ir78Pt79Au80Hg81Tl82Pb83Bi84Po85At86Rn87Fr88RaAc*Actinoide89Ac90Th91Pa92U93Np94Pu95Am96Cm97Bk98Cf99Es100Fm101Md102No103Lr104Rf105Db106Sg107Bh108Hs109Mt110Ds111Rg112Cn113Nh114Fl115Mc116Lv117Ts118Og
Pauling-Skala
Linus Paulings Modell als Maß für den ionischen Anteil der Bindung zweier Atome beruht auf deren Elektronegativitätsdifferenzen. Die Kenntnis experimentell ermittelter Bindungsdissoziationsenergien ist Voraussetzung.
| Element | Pauling-Skala | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1H | Wasserstoff | 2,2 | |
| 3Li | Lithium | 0,98 | |
| 4Be | Beryllium | 1,57 | |
| 5B | Bor | 2,04 | |
| 6C | Kohlenstoff | 2,55 | |
| 7N | Stickstoff | 3,04 | |
| 8O | Sauerstoff | 3,44 | |
| 9F | Fluor | 3,98 | |
| 11Na | Natrium | 0,93 | |
| 12Mg | Magnesium | 1,31 | |
| 13Al | Aluminium | 1,61 | |
| 14Si | Silicium | 1,9 | |
| 15P | Phosphor | 2,19 | |
| 16S | Schwefel | 2,58 | |
| 17Cl | Chlor | 3,16 | |
| 19K | Kalium | 0,82 | |
| 20Ca | Calcium | 1 | |
| 21Sc | Scandium | 1,36 | |
| 22Ti | Titan | 1,54 | |
| 23V | Vanadium | 1,63 | |
| 24Cr | Chrom | 1,66 | |
| 25Mn | Mangan | 1,55 | |
| 26Fe | Eisen | 1,83 | |
| 27Co | Cobalt | 1,88 | |
| 28Ni | Nickel | 1,91 | |
| 29Cu | Kupfer | 1,9 | |
| 30Zn | Zink | 1,65 | |
| 31Ga | Gallium | 1,81 | |
| 32Ge | Germanium | 2,01 | |
| 33As | Arsen | 2,18 | |
| 34Se | Selen | 2,55 | |
| 35Br | Brom | 2,96 | |
| 36Kr | Krypton | 3 | |
| 37Rb | Rubidium | 0,82 | |
| 38Sr | Strontium | 0,95 | |
| 39Y | Yttrium | 1,22 | |
| 40Zr | Zirconium | 1,33 | |
| 41Nb | Niob | 1,6 | |
| 42Mo | Molybdän | 2,16 | |
| 43Tc | Technetium | 1,9 | |
| 44Ru | Ruthenium | 2,2 | |
| 45Rh | Rhodium | 2,28 | |
| 46Pd | Palladium | 2,2 | |
| 47Ag | Silber | 1,93 | |
| 48Cd | Cadmium | 1,69 | |
| 49In | Indium | 1,78 | |
| 50Sn | Zinn | 1,96 | |
| 51Sb | Antimon | 2,05 | |
| 52Te | Tellur | 2,1 | |
| 53I | Iod | 2,66 | |
| 54Xe | Xenon | 2,6 | |
| 55Cs | Caesium | 0,79 | |
| 56Ba | Barium | 0,89 | |
| 57La | Lanthan | 1,1 | |
| 58Ce | Cer | 1,12 | |
| 59Pr | Praseodym | 1,13 | |
| 60Nd | Neodym | 1,14 | |
| 62Sm | Samarium | 1,17 | |
| 64Gd | Gadolinium | 1,2 | |
| 66Dy | Dysprosium | 1,22 | |
| 67Ho | Holmium | 1,23 | |
| 68Er | Erbium | 1,24 | |
| 69Tm | Thulium | 1,25 | |
| 71Lu | Lutetium | 1,27 | |
| 72Hf | Hafnium | 1,3 | |
| 73Ta | Tantal | 1,5 | |
| 74W | Wolfram | 2,36 | |
| 75Re | Rhenium | 1,9 | |
| 76Os | Osmium | 2,2 | |
| 77Ir | Iridium | 2,2 | |
| 78Pt | Platin | 2,28 | |
| 79Au | Gold | 2,54 | |
| 80Hg | Quecksilber | 2 | |
| 81Tl | Thallium | 1,62 | |
| 82Pb | Blei | 2,33 | |
| 83Bi | Bismut | 2,02 | |
| 84Po | Polonium | 2 | |
| 85At | Astat | 2,2 | |
| 87Fr | Francium | 0,7 | |
| 88Ra | Radium | 0,9 | |
| 89Ac | Actinium | 1,1 | |
| 90Th | Thorium | 1,3 | |
| 91Pa | Protactinium | 1,5 | |
| 92U | Uran | 1,38 | |
| 93Np | Neptunium | 1,36 | |
| 94Pu | Plutonium | 1,28 | |
| 95Am | Americium | 1,3 | |
| 96Cm | Curium | 1,3 | |
| 97Bk | Berkelium | 1,3 | |
| 98Cf | Californium | 1,3 | |
| 99Es | Einsteinium | 1,3 | |
| 100Fm | Fermium | 1,3 | |
| 101Md | Mendelevium | 1,3 | |
| 102No | Nobelium | 1,3 | |
| 103Lr | Lawrencium | 1,3 | |