Bismut oder Wismut (historisch auch Wismuth) ist ein chemisches Element mit dem Elementsymbol Bi und der Ordnungszahl 83. Im Periodensystem steht es in der 5. Hauptgruppe oder Stickstoffgruppe.
Bismut ist ein hellgraues, weiches, eher sprödes sowie ungiftiges Schwermetall. Es wird vor allem für Legierungen benutzt.
| Relative Atommasse | 208,98 ±1·10-5 |
|---|---|
| Atommasse | 208,98 u |
| Radius (empirisch) | 156 pm |
|---|---|
| Radius (berechnet) | 143 pm |
| Kovalenter Radius | 148 ±4 pm |
| Van-der-Waals-Radius | 207 pm |
| Elektronenkonfiguration | Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 |
|---|---|
| Ionisierungsenergie | (1.) 7,285516 eV (2.) 16,703 eV (3.) 25,563 eV (4.) 45,37 eV (5.) 54,856 eV |
| Schalenmodell | Elektronen k-Schale:2 l-Schale:8 m-Schale:18 n-Schale:32 o-Schale:18 p-Schale:5 |
| Aggregatzustand | fest |
|---|---|
| Dichte | 9,78 g·cm−3 |
| Molares Volumen | 2,131·10-5 m3·mol−1 |
| Schallgeschwindigkeit | 1.790 m·s−1 (293,1 K) |
| Schmelzpunkt | 544,7 K |
|---|---|
| Siedepunkt | 1.837 K |
| Flüssigkeitsbereich | 1.292 K |
| Sprungtemperatur | 8,7 K |
| Schmelzenthalpie | 10,9 kJ·mol-1 |
|---|---|
| Verdampfungsenthalpie | 160 kJ·mol-1 |
| Bindungsenergie | 207 kJ·mol-1 |
| Wärmeleitfähigkeit | 8 W·m-1·K-1 |
|---|---|
| Ausdehnungskoeffizient | 1,34·10-5 K-1 |
| Mohshärte | 2,25 |
|---|---|
| Brinellhärte | 94,2 NM·m-2 |
| Youngscher Modul | 32 GPa |
|---|---|
| Schubmodul | 12 GPa |
| Kompressionsmodul | 31 GPa |
| Poissonzahl | 0,33 |
| Elektrische Leitfähigkeit | 769.000 S·m-1 |
|---|---|
| Widerstand | 1,3·10-6 Ωm |
| Magnetismus | diamagnetisch |
|---|---|
| Magnetische Suszeptibilität | -2,8·10-4 cm3·mol−1 |
| Basizität | leicht sauer |
|---|---|
| Oxidationszustand | (-3), 1, 3, 5 |
| Normalpotential | 0,317 V (Bi3+ + 3e- → Bi) |
| Pauling-Skala | 2,02 |
|---|---|
| Sanderson-Skala | 2,34 |
| Allred-Rochow-Skala | 1,67 |
| Mulliken-Skala | 2,15 |
| Nagle-Skale | 1,83 |
| Pearson-Skale | 4,69 eV |
| Natürliches Vorkommen | primordial |
|---|---|
| Kristallstruktur | rhomboedrisch |
| Goldschmidt-Klassifikation | chalcophil |
| Supraleiter | mit Sprungtemperatur unter speziellen Bedingungen |
| Radioaktivität | leicht radioaktiv |
| Preis/kg | 6,36 USD |
%20(www.pse-mendelejew.de)%3C%2Fa%3E%2C%20FAL%2C%20via%20Wikimedia%20Commons%22%7D%2C%22ionization%22%3A%7B%22values%22%3A%5B7.285516%2C16.703%2C25.563%2C45.37%2C54.856%5D%2C%22unit%22%3A%22eV%22%7D%2C%22magnetic_ordering%22%3A%22diamagnetic%22%2C%22magnetic_susceptibility%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A-0.00028%2C%22unit%22%3A%22cm%5B3%5D%C2%B7mol%5B%E2%88%921%5D%22%7D%2C%22molar_volume%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A0.00002131%2C%22unit%22%3A%22m%5B3%5D%C2%B7mol%5B%E2%88%921%5D%22%7D%2C%22names%22%3A%7B%22en%22%3A%22Bismuth%22%2C%22de%22%3A%22Bismut%22%2C%22la%22%3A%22Bismutum%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Bismuth%22%7D%2C%22natural_occurrence%22%3A%22primordial%22%2C%22negativity%22%3A%7B%22pauling%22%3A2.02%2C%22sanderson%22%3A2.34%2C%22allred%22%3A1.67%2C%22mulliken%22%3A2.15%2C%22nagle%22%3A1.83%2C%22pearson%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A4.69%2C%22unit%22%3A%22eV%22%7D%7D%2C%22number%22%3A83%2C%22oxidation_state%22%3A%22(-3)%2C%201%2C%20'''3'''%2C%205%22%2C%22oxide_character%22%3A%22basic%22%2C%22period%22%3A6%2C%22phase%22%3A%22solid%22%2C%22price%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A6.36%2C%22unit%22%3A%22USD%22%7D%2C%22properties%22%3A%5B%22natural%22%2C%22native%22%2C%22mononuclidic%22%2C%22heavy%22%2C%22radioactive%22%2C%22artificial%22%5D%2C%22radioactive%22%3Atrue%2C%22radioactivity%22%3A%22slightly-radioactive%22%2C%22radius%22%3A%7B%22empirical%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A156%2C%22unit%22%3A%22pm%22%7D%2C%22calculated%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A143%2C%22unit%22%3A%22pm%22%7D%2C%22covalent%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A148%2C%22deviation%22%3A4%2C%22unit%22%3A%22pm%22%7D%2C%22vdw%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A207%2C%22unit%22%3A%22pm%22%7D%7D%2C%22set%22%3A%22metal%22%2C%22shell%22%3A%5B2%2C8%2C18%2C32%2C18%2C5%5D%2C%22sound_speed%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A1790%2C%22unit%22%3A%22m%C2%B7s%5B%E2%88%921%5D%22%2C%22condition%22%3A%5B%7B%22value%22%3A293.15%2C%22unit%22%3A%22K%22%7D%5D%7D%2C%22standard_atomic_weight%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A208.9804%2C%22deviation%22%3A0.00001%7D%2C%22standard_potential%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A0.317%2C%22unit%22%3A%22V%22%2C%22info%22%3A%22Bi%5B3%2B%5D%20%2B%203e%5B-%5D%20%E2%86%92%20Bi%22%7D%2C%22superconductivity%22%3A%22special%22%2C%22symbol%22%3A%22Bi%22%2C%22temperature%22%3A%7B%22melting%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A544.7%2C%22unit%22%3A%22K%22%7D%2C%22boiling%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A1837%2C%22unit%22%3A%22K%22%7D%2C%22liquid%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A1292.3%2C%22unit%22%3A%22K%22%7D%2C%22transition%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A8.7%2C%22unit%22%3A%22K%22%7D%7D%2C%22toxicity%22%3A%5B%7B%22type%22%3A%22LD%7B50%7D%22%2C%22organism%22%3A%22rats%22%2C%22application%22%3A%22oral%22%2C%22value%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A5000%2C%22unit%22%3A%22mg%C2%B7kg%5B-1%5D%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22weblinks%22%3A%5B%7B%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwebelements.com%2Fbismuth%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22WebElements%22%7D%2C%7B%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Fperiodicvideos.com%2Fvideos%2F083.htm%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22The%20Periodic%20Table%20of%20Videos%22%7D%2C%7B%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fperiodictable.com%2FElements%2F083%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22PeriodicTable.com%22%7D%5D%2C%22wiki%22%3A%7B%22en%22%3A%22Bismuth%22%2C%22de%22%3A%22Bismut%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Bismuth%22%7D%7D){kind=link}