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Silber (in der Pharmazie auch lateinisch Argentum) ist ein chemisches Element mit dem Elementsymbol Ag und der Ordnungszahl 47. Es zählt zu den Übergangsmetallen. Im Periodensystem steht es in der 5. Periode und der 1. Nebengruppe (Gruppe 11) oder Kupfergruppe. Das Elementsymbol Ag leitet sich vom lateinischen Wort argentum für „Silber“ ab. Silber gehört zu den Edelmetallen.
Es ist ein weiches, gut verformbares (duktiles) Schwermetall mit der höchsten elektrischen Leitfähigkeit aller Elemente im unmodifizierten Zustand (Kohlenstoff in der Form von Graphen besitzt nochmals eine höhere Leitfähigkeit) und der höchsten thermischen Leitfähigkeit aller Metalle. Lediglich Supraflüssigkeiten und ungestörte kristalline Ausprägungen des Kohlenstoffs (Diamant, Graphen und graphennaher Graphit, Kohlenstoffnanoröhren) und des Bornitrids weisen eine bessere thermische Leitfähigkeit auf.